Nature and type of violence faced by women in Bargarh District of Orissa

 

Mrs Manju Mahananda¹ and  Dr. Anshu²

¹Assistant Professor (Sr. Scale), Human Development and Family Studies, Department of Home Science, Ethelind School of Home Science, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad -211007

²Associate Professor, Human Development and Family Studies, Department of Home Science, Ethelind School of Home Science, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad -211007

 

ABSTRACT:

Violence against women takes a dismaying variety of forms, from domestic abuse and rape to child marriages and female circumcision. All are the violations of the most fundamental human rights. The objectives of the study were to assess the type and nature of violence faced by the women in the Bargarh District of Orissa. The total sample size was 150 women respondents subjected to certain degree of violence. Bargarh District of Orissa has been selected purposively for the study. The data was collected by using purposive sampling method. A self constructed   interview schedule was prepared to collect the desired information with the help of experts from respective fields. Data was analyzed by frequencies and percentages. The results revealed that majority of the respondents were facing domestic violence followed by Sex discrimination and Dowry .A reasonable high percentage of respondents faced emotional   nature of violence. Majority of respondents were facing physical and   economical nature of violence.

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Violence against women is the manifestation of a historically unequal power relationship between men and women. It is a conditioned response and is not natural or born of biological determinants. In the olden day’s violence against women was a result of the prevalent atmosphere of ignorance and feudalism, today violence against women is an uncontrollable phenomenon, which is a direct result of the rapid urbanization, industrialization and structural adjustment programme. Women are vulnerable to acts of violence in the family, in the community. Martial cruelty, dowry murders, child abuse, incest and battering are some of the common forms of violence that women fact in the family. The community metes our rape, sexual harassment, and eve testing.

 

Violence affects the lives of millions of women worldwide in all socio-economic and educational classes. It cuts across cultural and religious barriers, impeding the right of women to participate fully in society. In a statement to the Fourth World Conference on women in Beijing in September 1995, the United Nations Secretary-General, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, said that Violence against women is a universal problem that must be universally condemned.  

 

In view of the alarming growth in the number of cases of Violence against women throughout the world, the Commission on Human Rights adopted resolution 1994/45 of 4 March 1994, in which it decided to appoint the Special Rapporteur on Violence against women, including its causes and consequences. As a result of these steps, the problem of Violence against women has been drawing increasing political attention. The Special Rapporteur has a mandate to collect and analyze comprehensive data and to recommend measures aimed at eliminating violence at the international, national and regional levels. So the present study is an attempt to find out the type and nature of violence faced by the women in the Bargarh district of Orissa

 

OBJECTIVES:

The major objectives of the story are to ascertain the major violence against women in study area. The specific objectives of the study are as follow:

1.      To  find out the type of violence faced by the women in the Bargarh district of Orissa

2.       To determine the nature of violence against women prevalent in the study area.

 

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

An exploratory research design was adopted for the study and Orissa has been selected purposively for research. The survey method was selected by using purposive sampling for the collection of data. The total sample size was 150 women respondents subjected to certain degree of violence. Bargarh district of Orissa has been selected purposively for the study. The data was collected by using purposive sampling method. A self constructed   interview schedule was prepared to collected the desired information with the help of experts from respective fields All questions are Multi response Questions. Data was analyzed by frequencies and percentages.

 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

The present study on “type and nature of violence faced by the women in the Bargarh district of Orissa” is an attempt to find out the type and nature of in Bargarh district of Orissa state. The data collected was analyzed in the light of the objectives of the study and the findings have been presented under the following heads:

1.1    . Type of violence faced by the women in the Bargarh district of Orissa

1.2. Nature of violence against women prevalent in the study area.

 

1.1 Type of violence against women prevalent in the study area.

This section deals with the information related to types of violence faced by women in the study area

Category	Frequency   ( n=150)	Percentage (n=150)
Dowry	93*	62.00
Domestic violence	134*	88.00
Child marriage	9	6.00
Female infanticides	12	8.00
Prostitute	7	4.67
Rape	5	3.33
Trafficking	12	8.00
Sex discrimination	130*	86.67

 

 

An insight into the table (Fig. 1.1) clearly shows that majority (88.00 per cent) of the respondents were facing domestic violence followed by Sex discrimination (86.67) percent and Dowry (62.00 per cent).  Only 6.00 percent of respondents were facing Child marriage and 8.00 percent of respondent were facing trafficking. The remaining 3.33 per cent respondents were the victims of rape. The fact was supported by Kavitha, (2012) who studied Spousal domestic violence of married women in India.. The results revealed that at all India level, 35 percent of ever married women had experienced physical spousal violence, whereas 16 percent and 10 percent had encountered emotional and sexual violence, respectively. Further, these magnitudes vary considerably across the states and union territories of India. The correlation analysis revealed that, with a few exceptions, the magnitude of all the three forms of spousal violence has a negative correlation with percentage of women and men who have 10+ years of education, who are exposed to mass media, and also with the percentage of households wealth index that falls under 4-5 quintiles (richer and richest) at different levels of significance. Conversely, the levels of either 1 or 2 types of spousal violence positively correlated with the percentage of women belonging to Hindu and Scheduled Caste (SC)/Scheduled Tribe (ST) communities as well as with the percentage of men and women employed during 12 months preceding the survey.

 

1.2 Nature of violence faced by women

This section deals with the information related to nature of violence faced by women in the study area.

Category	Frequency ( n=150)	Percentage ( n=150)
Physical	135	90.00
Economical	122	81.33
Sexual	87	58.00
Emotional	142	94.67
Work related	42	28.00

 

 

It can be inferred from the data relating nature of violence (Fig. 4.1.) that a reasonable high percentage (94.67) of respondents faced emotional   nature of violence. Near about 90.00 per cent respondents were faced physical nature of violence while 81.33 per cent of the respondents were facing economical nature of violence. As far as the Sexual nature of violence was concerned, about 58.00 per cent were victim of this act and only 28.00per cent were facing work related violence. The fact was supported by Dalal,  and  Lindqvist  (2012) who has explained that  Lifetime experiences of violence among respondents were as follows: emotional violence, 14%; less severe physical violence, 31%; severe physical violence, 10%; and sexual violence, 8%. Women of scheduled castes and Muslim religion were most often exposed to domestic violence. Women's poorer economic background, working status, and husband's controlling behavior emerged as strong predictors for domestic violence in India. Elimination of structural inequalities inherent in the indigenous oppressive institutions of religion, caste, and the traditional male hierarchy in society could prevent domestic violence.

 

CONCLUSION:

It is concluded from the study that majority of the respondents were facing domestic violence followed by Sex discrimination and Dowry in the Bargarh District of Orissa .A reasonable high percentage of respondents faced emotional nature of violence. Majority of respondents were facing physical and economical nature of violence in the study area.

 

REFERENCES:

Abhijit Das Mogford, E. Singh, S. K. Barbhuiya, R. A. Shishir Chandra Wahl, R. (2012):Reviewing responsibilities and renewing relationships: an intervention with men on violence against women in India ,Culture, Health & Sexuality; 2012. 14(5/6):659-675. 29 ref.

Dalal, K. Lindqvist, K. (2012); A national study of the prevalence and correlates of domestic violence among women in India ,Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health; 2012. 24(2):265-277. 26 ref.

Kavitha, V. R. S. (2012): Spousal domestic violence of married women in India Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology; 2012. 3(1):7-13. 19 ref.

Ministry of Women and Child Development Government Of India (2006) report of the working group on empowerment of women

United Nations CEDAW/C/IND/(2-3  2005) Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

United Nations General Assembly (A/65/208 2010) Intensification of efforts to eliminate all forms of violence  Report of the Secretary General